Errum, a small radius LE may give a quick break-away, or it might give short-bubble separation - which in turn may result in a LE stall character, or a TE stall character, depending on what's behind it... the "original" CY, about 9.3%? T/C, has quite a small LE radius. Certainly a lot of WW1 airfoils w/tight LE radii gave bitey stalls. The Gottingen 398 (from memory) is a bit of a weirdo; it has a high maximum lift coefficient at lower Reynolds numbers, which works out quite well for the Thruster T300/500... Va, Vb, and Vc are very close!
Interestingly, if you use the NACA system to expand the ordinates of CY to 12% thick, it becomes astonishingly close to 4412. As a speed freak, I don't like 4412's pitching moment; but for a STOL aircraft, that scarcely matters.
Yes, planform, twist, and Reynold's number, dogteeth, slots, slats, VGs... HS size and position... the Jodel wing is quite a sophisticated solution to the challenges of a small runaround.
WRT section changes, yes indeed - the Jodel uses a 5-digit section for the constant chord bit, then transitions to (ignoring the aileron) what looks like Clark Y at the tip. This combination was popular for a while; there are a few gliders with the same mix (can't remember which, offhand!).
Interestingly, most such transition by straight generators, meaning the intervening airfoils are unknown/untested... there is no telling where along the span, the separation may transit from TE to LE.
Caproni made a few gliders that used "step" transitions, and seem to lose no performance as a result.