Hi Bruce
You only have to go as far as Alice Springs to see how a proud and capable race, able to survive in the desert with only primitive tools was "civilised" by the English and how they live today.
The Lutherans at Hermannsburg did provide a level of protection for the Anunga from predominantly English white settlers although they also adopted a very patriarchal style of management that broke down the old lore and left the way open for the alcohol abuse and family violence that is rife in the communities today. I have killing boomerangs, spears and beads and other artefacts my dad collected along with a Batterbee watercolour all from Hermannsburg in the early 40's when he was there. I spent time up there in the late 80's and have been back a few times since. I also lived in the Upper Gascoyne in WA in the 70's. The red dirt seems to affect your blood.
I have a portrait of the man known as One Pound Jimmy hanging in my bedroom. It's a pastel on black velvet and was left to me by my dad who spent a lot of time in the NT during and after the war. It shows a man of magnificent physique proud of his culture and it sends me back in time whenever I look at it.. Gwoja Tjungarrayi was one of a handful of Warlpiri who survived a massacre carried out by squatters led by a police officer after some cattle were speared. Men, women and children were shot in their hundreds and no-one was ever made accountable. Jimmy's great nephew is an old mate of mine and, in the best oral tradition, he speaks of the massacre as the "killing times".
http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/hindsight/the-two-lives-of-one-pound-jimmy/2974226
Greg, my mate, has lived over in Victoria for a number of years now but his knowledge of his country and his attachment to it is amazing. I showed him the WAC chart for the Yuendemu area and he immediately pointed out where I could find water. If you have been there you will know just how precious such knowledge might be. I have several times seen and heard folks here in my home town making it clear that they think of him as a lesser person because of his colour and Aboriginal English. Yet he speaks 5 languages and English is his third. If you have tried to learn an Aboriginal language you will understand his is no mean feat.
As far as the Aboriginal people not knowing to wash their eyes to avoid trachoma and sandy blight, we ought to remember that surgeons were still heaping shit on Joseph Lister in the 1880's when he tried to get them to wash their hands after using the lavatory and between operations. This was the same period when the missionaries arrived on the Finke. It took us a long time to get clever about infection, too.
Kaz