Greetings from a sunny South Africa!
As a new member I had to share one of my favorite pictures, which relates to this very relevant topic!
Wingtip vortices! Often spoken about, but seldom seen . . . . . this visualisation courtesy of a US military cargo aircraft having deployed missile countermeasure flares.
What wingtip vortices are and how they form is relatively simple to understand:
The air on top of the wings of an aircraft in flight is at a lower pressure than the surrounding air. This is one of the basics of aerodynamics - Bernoulli's Principle
The air underneath the wings of an aircraft in flight has a higher pressure than the air above the wings
This differential air pressure causes the air below to want to take up the area where the reduced air pressure is located above the wings
The wing tips are really the only place along the wings where this can occur. So, the air below circles around the tip of the wing to meet the air above
This circling action creates horizontal 'tornadoes' that trail behind the aircraft as the aircraft moves forward
The air being pushed to the side of the aircraft's fuselage also contributes to the movement of the vortices. They tend to move away from the aircraft and then they follow the wind direction
Operational Tips For Light Aircraft – How to Avoid Vortex Wake:
1. Lift Off Short of Large Aircraft Rotation Point.
2. Land Well Beyond Large Aircraft Touchdown Point.
3. Pass Over Flight Path of Large Aircraft, or At Least 1000' Under.
4. Stay to Windward of Large Aircraft Flight Paths.
5. Keep Alert, Especially on Calm Days When Vortices Persist Longest.
(http://www.komanetskyaviation.com/Education/WingTipVortices/index.htm)
Safe Flying!