The comment by Biggles about potential loss of potency (anti-knock rating ?) during storage has started me thinking. There are undoubtedly a wide range of professions represented in this forum so what follows may be superseded by someone who is a refinery chemist or an automotive engineer or whatever. I am a petroleum geochemist by profession but have never worked at the downstream (ie. refinery) end of the business:
1. I understand the anti-knock capability expressed in the 98 vs. 95 octane rating is achieved by an enhanced content of aromatics. Toluene is one of those but a more correct description might be "BTEX" which stands for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes. I assume 98 is higher in all of these than 95. All are natural components of all hydrocarbon fuels (and of coal extracts, hence the angst about CSM and aquifer waters etc). All are also pretty good plastic solvents and paint strippers (benzene is the only seriously carcinogenic one by the way).
The rest of the fuel is mostly paraffins - these are straight chain molecules which propagate free radicals a bit too fast in combustion and therefore tend to lead to detonation (knocking). Branched compounds and aromatics slow down radical propagation thereby preventing knocking
2. Aromatics are less volatile than paraffins. Hence, on storage, any loss of volatiles will occur faster for the paraffins so in theory the anti-knock capability should increase, not decrease
3. Paraffins are also much more susceptible to bacterial attack. This needs water and occurs quite quickly when it is present. So..if you have a little water in your fuel tank or jerry and the bugs start to eat it, again octane rating should increase rather than decrease. However..the oxidation by-products, primarily volatile organic acids, might not be good for the donk. The bodies of the bugs themselves also mean particulate content goes up.
It would be interesting to deliberately leave some 95 fuel to evaporate by, say, 20% of it's volume and then have the octane rating re-measured. As for AVGAS 100 without tetra-ethyl lead to get it's rating up...must be chockers with aromatics and hence more of a problem than 98 for any rubber/plastic stuff I would have thought. Unless...the refinery IS adding pure toluene or xylenes to bump 98 up...hmmm.